HISTORY / Russia / Imperial

Paper · Semantic Scholar

This article examines exile as a mode of punishment and governance in the late Ottoman Empire. Drawing on foreign ministry and diplomatic records, intergovernmental correspondence, and penal legislation, I argue that exile was part of an expansive and legally entrenched system of punitive mobility characterized by the forced movement of convicts. Against narratives that treat imprisonment as the defining mode of mod…

Reference · Wikidata

Russian organization